The Mortar Decision — More Important in Bath Than Anywhere
In most UK cities, the choice between lime and cement mortar for chimney repointing is a quality preference. In Bath, it is a structural and legal necessity on a significant proportion of properties. Bath oolite, Doulting stone, and traditional local limestone are all softer than cement mortar. When cement is applied to these materials and thermal cycling opens the joint, the mortar pulls fragments of stone face away with it — spalling damage that cannot be reversed without expensive stone replacement. On listed and conservation area Bath properties, cement repointing of stone chimneys also represents an enforcement risk.
British Standard BS 5390: British Standard BS 5390 for stone masonry sets the joint preparation and mortar specification for repointing — including the rake-out depth needed for a durable repair on Bath's limestone chimney stacks.
How We Assess a Bath Chimney
Every chimney survey covers all four faces of the stack — not just the street-facing elevation. North-facing and rear faces frequently show more advanced mortar failure than the visible front face because they receive less solar drying and more sustained moisture loading. We use a pole camera or access equipment for stacks where ladder inspection does not allow adequate view of all faces.
The survey records: mortar condition as a percentage of failed joints; masonry condition (cracking, spalling, movement); lead flashing condition at base; pot condition and flaunching; and any structural concerns. The written quote covers the full stack condition, not just what was accessible from the visible face.
The Repointing Process
Rake Out
Failed mortar is raked to a minimum 20mm depth using hand tools or a small angle grinder. The depth is important — new mortar packed to less than 15mm has insufficient bond area and will fail prematurely. We do not use large angle grinders on Bath stone or limestone — they overheat the stone and damage adjacent material.
Mortar Application
Lime mortar is applied in layers — a scratch coat to fill the joint body, allowed to firm up, then a finish coat struck to the correct profile. For Bath stone work we prepare a sample panel for the homeowner to approve before committing to the full stack, where the mortar colour matching is critical.
Curing
Lime mortar requires protection from rapid drying for 3 to 5 days after application. In summer weather this means dampening the completed work morning and evening. In temperatures below 5 degrees, lime mortar work is deferred — lime requires warmth to cure correctly and will fail if it freezes within the first 24 hours.
When to Repoint vs Rebuild
Chimney repointing is appropriate when the mortar has failed but the masonry itself is structurally sound — no cracking, no movement, no spalling beyond the surface. When cracking in the masonry courses indicates structural movement, or when more than 40 percent of the courses show open joints, partial or full rebuilding is the correct approach. We identify which is appropriate at the survey stage and explain the reasoning.
For chimney repointing in Bath call 0122 528 7924. Free survey, correct mortar for your property type, written quote.